GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a condition that affects the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental disorders result from impaired growth and development of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the nerves connecting them. These disorders often affect learning ability, memory, and behavior and can be associated with other neurological problems.

Individuals with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder have mild to profound intellectual disability and delayed development of speech and motor skills, such as sitting and walking. Some affected individuals never develop speech or the ability to walk on their own. Many people with this condition have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can contribute to the problems developing motor skills and lead to difficulty eating. Some affected individuals have abnormal muscle stiffness (spasticity), which can also cause problems with movement.

Recurrent seizures (epilepsy) occur in about half of people with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. About one-quarter of affected individuals have features of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction. Affected individuals may also be hyperactive, impulsive, or easily distractible, and some are described as being overly friendly. Sleeping difficulties can also occur in this condition.

Less common features of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder include structural brain abnormalities, an unusually small head size (microcephaly), impaired vision, and involuntary muscle movements.