X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia

X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia is a rare condition that is characterized by a blood disorder called sideroblastic anemia and movement problems known as ataxia. This condition primarily occurs in males.

Anemia is defined by a shortage of healthy red blood cells. Sideroblastic anemia occurs when developing red blood cells called erythroblasts do not make enough hemoglobin, which is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. People with X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia have red blood cells that are smaller than normal (microcytic) and appear pale (hypochromic) because of the shortage of hemoglobin. The anemia seen in people with this condition is typically mild.

X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia leads to an abnormal accumulation of iron in red blood cells. The iron-loaded red blood cells, which are present in bone marrow, are called ring sideroblasts.

X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia causes problems with balance and coordination that appear early in life. Ataxia can make it difficult to sit, stand, and walk unassisted. People with this condition may find it difficult to make rapid, alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia), such as tapping their foot. 

In addition to ataxia, people with this condition often have trouble coordinating movements that involve judging distance or scale (dysmetria), such as reaching out to grab an object. Affected individuals can also experience involuntary rhythmic shaking that worsens during movement (intention tremor). Mild speech difficulties (dysarthria) and abnormal eye movements have also been reported in some individuals with X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia.